Racks and power
The weight and power of a B300-class rack are the starting point for structural and electrical calculations. If the floor cannot support the load, it must be reinforced or another floor selected.
Site Infrastructure
Building and power delivered first, ready for MEP to take over
Site infrastructure covers the data center building and incoming utilities: the structure, exterior and interior work, high-voltage service, feeder trunks, large generators, water supply, and drainage. The boundary with MEP is the distribution board. This scope covers the primary side through the main low-voltage panel. Once the site is ready for handover, downstream work can begin without revisiting the building.
SOLUTION｜ The KONST approach
Start with rack power, then size the structure, electrical supply, and cooling
The design begins with the final rack layout. Once the rack count and power per rack are set, those figures determine structural loading, utility capacity, and cooling. Structural and electrical design follows. GPU data centers operate at much higher power levels than a conventional IDC. Setting these requirements in this order avoids floor reinforcement and utility expansion during construction.
Utility capacity
At 20 kW per rack, 24 racks create a 480 kW IT load. Cooling and line losses raise the required supply to the next capacity tier.
Cooling layout
Cooling towers and chillers for the chilled-water system must be outside or on the roof, with their locations set during structural design.
PROCESS｜ Process
Prepare the site for a clean handoff to downstream teams
Finalize the data center module first, confirm the rack layout before cabling, and order long-lead equipment by working backward from the construction schedule.
Site and data center module
Finalize the IT data center module while preparing the site for handover.
01Rack and power planning
Plan the rack layout and physical isolation for a single tenant, with power and cooling, including liquid cooling, prepared together.
02Cabling and aisles
Run redundant A/B feeds to each rack, reserve the CDU interface, and contain the hot and cold aisles in the white space.
03Documentation and procurement
Prepare construction specifications, coordinate contractors, and reserve long-lead items in advance.
04Capacity reservation
Reserve the contracted IT capacity for the owner. Billing begins on the reservation date and does not depend on when equipment moves in.
05
FEATURE｜ Service details and specifications
Complete the site and electrical foundation
Onsite work has two stages: site preparation and electrical installation. Chilled-water piping and the cooling system move in after both stages are complete.
Site preparation
Reinforce the structure, build partitions, prepare the floor and raised-floor base, and clear the equipment access route.
Electrical installation
Install the high-voltage service, load feeders, generators, ATS units, and main low-voltage panel.
EVIDENCE｜ Results and data
Generators and UPS maintain power through utility outages
Generator capacity and quantity are calculated from the combined IT and cooling loads. The Zhonghe site has two 1000 kW generators and three ATS units for 1.5 MW of power capacity and 900 kW of cooling.
- 2units
- 1000 kW generators
- 3sets
- ATS automatic transfer
- 1.5MW
- Power capacity
- 900kW
- Cooling capacity
The redundancy level, N+1 or 2N, is set during design and affects both the number of distribution panels and the data center area.
The UPS bridges the interval between utility loss and stable generator power.
EVIDENCE｜ Results and data
Delivered as new builds, renovations, and container deployments
KONST has completed turnkey new builds, existing-building renovations, and containerized deployments.
Zhonghe site
The owner provides the site. KONST delivers the turnkey scope from utility service and MEP through the racks, with rack conditions designed for B300 systems.
Yunlin site
Renovation of an existing building, including basic utilities, partitions, electrical panels, and transformers.
Fukushima, Japan
For this containerized deployment, civil works cover only site leveling and utility service, allowing a faster delivery.
FEATURE｜ Service details and specifications
Eight construction categories before equipment installation
The data center is ready for equipment only after these eight categories are complete: structural calculations, the primary frame, exterior and interior work, high-voltage service, load feeders, large generators, water and drainage, and temporary facilities.
| Category | Scope | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Design and planning | Structural calculations, architectural drawings, and specialist design | Define structural loading, floor height, circulation, and the equipment access route |
| Primary structure | Foundation work, steel framing, and carpentry | Build the load-bearing structure and primary frame |
| Architectural finishes | Exterior, interior, doors, and windows | Complete exterior surfaces, interior finishes, doors, and windows |
| Electrical system | Electrical equipment and load-feeder cabling | Install the power supply and high-voltage load feeders |
| Backup power | Large generator installation | Keep the data center operating during a power outage |
| Water and drainage | Water, drainage, and sanitary equipment | Install indoor and outdoor water, drainage, and sanitary piping |
| Site works | External works and temporary works | Prepare the external area, fencing, and temporary construction facilities |
| Other | Project management items and rounding adjustments | Coordinate project management costs and settle the final total |
Frequently asked questions
Is there a turnkey EPC contractor for AI data centers?
Yes. KONST accepts both turnkey projects and individual work packages. KONST handles civil works and the electrical system from the primary side through the main low-voltage panel. On a turnkey project, one team defines the civil, MEP, and cluster specifications, so the owner does not have to resolve interface issues.
Can an existing factory be converted into an AI data center?
Feasibility depends on four conditions: floor loading, current utility capacity and its expansion limit, clear height for the raised floor and overhead cable trays, and outdoor space for cooling equipment. With this information, we can estimate the maximum rack count.
Should the utility application be included in the construction schedule?
Yes. The Taiwan Power Company application and construction schedule are outside the builder's control and are a common external variable. In practice, the application is submitted when the project starts and placed on the critical path. If an existing building already has enough utility capacity, this step can be omitted and the schedule is shorter.
How is a high-power GPU data center different from a conventional data center?
The construction methods are similar, but the scale is different. A rack of B300-class equipment weighs and consumes much more power than a conventional server rack. Structural loading, power, and cooling must therefore be calculated from the final rack layout.
How do you determine generator capacity and quantity?
Calculate them from the combined IT and cooling loads. The Zhonghe site has two 1000 kW generators and three ATS units for 1.5 MW of power capacity and 900 kW of cooling. The UPS covers only the transition interval; generators provide long-duration backup.
How do you choose between N+1 and 2N redundancy?
The redundancy level must be set during design because it affects the number of distribution panels and generators as well as the data center area. The decision is usually made together with the SLA the owner plans to offer.
How large a data center can your site support?
Share the current site conditions and we will provide a preliminary capacity assessment.